Refraction & Retinoscopy

What is Refraction & Retinoscopy?

1️⃣ Definition

  • Refraction determines the correct prescription for glasses or contact lenses.
  • Retinoscopy is an objective test used to measure refractive errors by observing how light reflects off the retina.

2️⃣ Conditions Diagnosed

  • Myopia (nearsightedness) – Difficulty seeing distant objects.
  • Hyperopia (farsightedness) – Difficulty seeing near objects.
  • Astigmatism – Blurred vision due to an irregular cornea.
  • Presbyopia – Age-related difficulty in focusing on close objects.

3️⃣ Who Needs Refraction & Retinoscopy?

  • Individuals experiencing blurry vision, eye strain, headaches, or difficulty reading.
  • Children with suspected amblyopia (lazy eye) or vision development issues.
  • Patients undergoing cataract or LASIK surgery evaluation.

Doctor’s Procedure:

4️⃣ Pre-Test Evaluation

  • Comprehensive eye exam to assess vision history.
  • Checking for eye alignment, focusing ability, and health of the retina.

5️⃣ Retinoscopy (Objective Refraction Test)

  • The doctor shines a light into the eye and observes how it reflects from the retina.
  • A hand-held retinoscope is used to determine an initial prescription.
  • This test is especially useful for children or non-verbal patients who can’t communicate vision issues.

6️⃣ Phoropter Test (Subjective Refraction)

  • The patient looks through a phoropter while the doctor changes lenses.
  • The doctor asks, “Which lens is clearer – 1 or 2?” to fine-tune the prescription.

7️⃣ Autorefractor (Automated Measurement)

  • A machine-based test that provides an initial estimate of refractive error.
  • Often used before manual retinoscopy for faster assessment.

8️⃣ Finalizing the Prescription

  • The doctor determines the most accurate prescription for glasses or contact lenses.
  • In cases of astigmatism, a cylindrical correction is added for clarity.

9️⃣ Post-Test Recommendations

  • If needed, a prescription for glasses or contact lenses is provided.
  • Further vision therapy or treatment options may be suggested for eye conditions.

🔟 Regular Follow-Ups for Vision Health

  • Eye exams are recommended every 1–2 years to monitor changes in vision.
  • Adjustments in prescription are made as needed for clear and comfortable eyesight.