What is Ophthalmoscopy?

1️⃣ Definition

• Ophthalmoscopy (fundoscopy) is an eye examination used to evaluate the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels at the back of the eye.
• It helps diagnose retinal diseases, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and optic nerve disorders.

2️⃣ Types of Ophthalmoscopy:

• Direct Ophthalmoscopy – A hand-held device provides a magnified, detailed view of the retina.
• Indirect Ophthalmoscopy – A brighter light source and a condensing lens provide a wider, three-dimensional view of the retina.

3️⃣ Who Needs an Ophthalmoscopy?

• Patients with diabetes, high blood pressure, or vision problems.
• Individuals with floaters, flashes, or sudden vision changes.
• Those at risk of retinal detachment, glaucoma, or macular degeneration.

Doctor’s Procedure:

4️⃣ Pupil Dilation (If Required)

• Dilating eye drops are used to widen the pupils for a better view of the retina.
• Patients may experience temporary light sensitivity and blurred near vision.

5️⃣ Direct Ophthalmoscopy (Close-Up View)

• The doctor holds a small ophthalmoscope close to the eye.
• A beam of light is directed into the pupil to examine the retina and optic nerve.
• Provides a magnified, detailed image but a limited field of view.

6️⃣ Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (Wider, 3D View)

• The doctor wears a head-mounted light source and holds a handheld condensing lens.
• This technique allows a wider field of view, making it useful for retinal detachment or peripheral retinal issues.
• Provides a three-dimensional image for better depth perception.

7️⃣ Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy with Ophthalmoscopy (Detailed Examination)

• A slit-lamp microscope is used with a specialized lens to get a high-resolution view of the retina and optic nerve.
• Useful for diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and glaucoma.

8️⃣ Findings & Diagnosis

• The doctor evaluates the retina, blood vessels, macula, and optic nerve.
• Any signs of bleeding, swelling, or abnormalities are noted for further testing.

9️⃣ Post-Test Guidance

• If any retinal disease or optic nerve issue is detected, additional tests may be recommended.
• Patients may need glasses, medications, laser treatment, or surgery, depending on the condition.

🔟 Follow-Up & Preventive Care

• Regular eye exams every 1–2 years for early detection of eye diseases.
• Diabetic and hypertensive patients need more frequent screenings to prevent complications.